IATRA Air Law Only

Oxygen Requirements for Unpressurized Aircraft CAR 605.31

All crew members and 10 per cent of passengers and, in any case, no less than one passenger. Entire period of flight exceeding 30 minutes at cabin-pressure-altitudes above 10,000 feet ASL but not exceeding 13,000 feet ASL

All persons on board the aircraft:

(a) Entire period of flight at-cabin-pressure altitudes above 13,000 feet ASL

(b) For aircraft operated in an air transport service under the conditions referred to in paragraph (a), a period of flight of not less than one hour

Note:

Above 13,000 ft: you NEED supplemental oxygen
10,000 ft-13,000ft ASL: you can fly up to 30 mins without oxygen.
Below 10,000 ft ASL: you can fly without oxygen.

Since we are flying East, we fly at odd cruising altitudes. So the maximum altitude without O2 is 9,500 ft ASL. If we were flying West, the max altitude without O2 would be 8,500 ft ASL.

Source: CAR Standard 625, 625.07

Description:

(i) Minimum Equipment Lists (MELs) provide an additional measure of control of defects. MELs are lists of systems and equipment installed in the aircraft, annotated to show the degree to which defects may be allowed for a limited period. In some cases, additional operational procedures or restrictions are applied. Procedures to troubleshoot, inspect or secure items prior to takeoff may also be identified as conditions for operation with the equipment inoperative.

Ref: CAR 602.122

No pilot-in-command shall operate an aircraft in IFR flight unless the IFR flight plan or IFR flight itinerary that has been filed for the flight under section 602.73 includes an alternate aerodrome having a landing area suitable for use by that aircraft.

Source: CARs 605.33-605.34

Description:

Subject to subsection (4), no person shall operate an aircraft unless the cockpit voice recorder is operated continuously from the time at which electrical power is first provided to the recorder before the flight to the time at which electrical power is removed from the recorder after the flight.

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply in respect of an aircraft without a serviceable cockpit voice recorder if

(a) a minimum equipment list has been approved by the Minister in respect of the operator of the aircraft under subsection 605.07(3) and the aircraft is operated in accordance with the minimum equipment list;

(b) a minimum equipment list has not been approved by the Minister in respect of the operator of the aircraft and the following conditions are met:

(i) the period during which the aircraft is operated without a serviceable cockpit voice recorder does not exceed 90 days from the day on which the cockpit voice recorder ceased to be serviceable,

(ii) aircraft technical records that indicate the date on which the cockpit voice recorder ceased to be serviceable are carried on board the aircraft,

Where a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) exists, the aircraft can be operated in accordance with the MEL without a serviceable FDR or CVR for up to 90 days after the date of the failure of the FDR or CVR, if the aircraft technical records show the date of the failure, and: If the FDR is unserviceable and a CVR is required, then the aircraft can only be operated if the CVR is serviceable.

Similarly, if the CVR is unserviceable and a FDR is required, then the aircraft can only be

operated if the FDR is serviceable.

Ref: AIM GEN 3.3.3 Information to Report

The person making the report must send to the Transportation Safety Board as soon as possible and by the quickest means available, all the information required that is available at the time of the occurrence.

Ref: AIM RAC 7.9 INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR) DEPARTURES FROM UNCONTROLLED AIRPORTS

It is recommended that pilots inform ATC if a flight will not commence within 60 min of the proposed departure time stipulated in an IFR flight plan. Failure to do so will result in activating the SAR process.

Reference: CAR 724.27 No Alternate Aerodrome – IFR Flight

Weather Requirements 

For at least one (1) hour before and until one (1) hour after the estimated time of arrival at the aerodrome of intended landing, there shall be, in respect to that aerodrome:

(a) no fog or other restrictions to visibility, including precipitation, whether forecast or reported, below 3 miles;
(b) no thunderstorms, whether isolated or otherwise forecast or reported;

(c) a forecast ceiling of at least 1,000 feet above FAF altitude and a visibility of at least 3 miles or a ceiling of at least 1,500 feet above the MDA and a visibility of at least 6 miles; and

(d) no freezing precipitation whether forecast or reported;

 Area of Operations 

(a) take-off aerodrome shall be:

(i) situated within the North American continent, the Caribbean islands and Bermuda; and

(ii) not more than the hours of flight time (Scheduled) from the aerodrome of intended landing;

(b) aerodrome of intended landing authorized for no alternate IFR shall meet the requirements of subsection (3) below; and

(c) provided the requirements of subsections (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) are met, the pilot-in-command may refile “No Alternate IFR” on flights to a destination aerodrome in Canada, regardless of the location of the departure aerodrome, when within six hours of the scheduled destination aerodrome.

ADIZ

602.145 (1) This section applies in respect of aircraft before entering into and while operating within the ADIZ, the dimensions of which are specified in the Designated Airspace Handbook.

602.145(5) The pilot-in-command of a VFR aircraft shall revise the estimated time and point of ADIZ entry and inform an air traffic control unit, a flight service station or a community aerodrome radio station, when the aircraft is not expected to arrive

(a) within plus or minus five minutes of the estimated time at

(i) a reporting point,

(ii) the point of ADIZ entry, or

(iii) the point of destination within the ADIZ; or

(b) within 20 nautical miles of

(i) the estimated point of ADIZ entry, or

(ii) the centre line of the route of flight indicated in the flight plan or flight itinerary.

605.34 No person shall operate an aircraft unless the cockpit voice recorder is operated continuously from the time at which electrical power is first provided to the recorder before the flight to the time at which electrical power is removed from the recorder after the flight.

602.32 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall

(a) operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than 250 knots if the aircraft is below 10,000 feet ASL; or

(b) operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed of more than 200 knots if the aircraft is below 3,000 feet AGL within 10 nautical miles of a controlled aerodrome unless authorized to do so in an air traffic control clearance.

(2) A person may operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed greater than the airspeeds referred to in subsection (1) if the aircraft is being operated in accordance with a special flight operations certificate – special aviation event issued pursuant to section 603.02.

(3) If the minimum safe airspeed for the flight configuration of an aircraft is greater than the airspeed referred to in subsection (1), the aircraft shall be operated at the minimum safe airspeed.

Resource: TC AIM 3.1

Description:

The purpose of an aviation safety investigation into an aircraft accident or incident is to prevent a recurrence; it is not to determine or assign blame or liability. The TSB, established under the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act, is responsible for investigating all aviation occurrences in Canada involving civil aircraft registered both in Canada and abroad. A team of investigators is on 24-hr standby.

Resource: TC AIM 3.13.1

Description:

For provided question, alternate minima for 2 precision approaches cannot be used because we only have one available runway. Therefore, the next minima will be 600-2* or 300-1 above the lowest usable HAT and visibility, whichever is greater.

Resource: TC AIM 1.7.3 Minimum Fuel Advisory

Description:

minimum fuel – An expression used to inform ATC that an aircraft’s fuel supply has reached a state that is sufficient to reach destination, provided that unexpected delays are not encountered.

Pilots may experience situations where traffic, weather or other delays result in concern about the aircraft’s fuel state. The term MINIMUM FUEL describes a situation where the aircraft’s fuel supply has reached a state where the flight is committed to land at a specific aerodrome and no additional delay can be accepted. The pilot should advise ATC as soon as possible that a MINIMUM FUEL condition exists. This is not an emergency situation, but merely an advisory that indicates an emergency is possible should any undue delay occur.

A minimum fuel advisory does not imply an ATC traffic priority; however, ATC special flight handling procedures are as follows:

(a) Be alert for any occurrence or situation that might delay the aircraft;

(b) Respond to the declaration and keep the pilot informed of any anticipated delay as soon as you become aware, using the following phraseology:

ROGER or

ROGER NO DELAY EXPECTED or ROGER EXPECT (delay information).

(c) Inform the next sector or unit of the minimum fuel status of the aircraft and

(d) Record the information in the unit log, reduce unnecessary radio transmissions and ensure appropriate responses; use of internationally recognized fuel-related phraseology among pilots and controllers is essential.

Traffic priority is given to a pilot who declares an emergency for fuel by broadcasting MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL. Use of standardized pilot phraseology distinguishes minimum fuel from a fuel emergency, assuring pilot intent without further

Resource: CAR 703.65

Description:

703.65 No person shall operate an aircraft with passengers on board in IMC when current weather reports or forecasts indicate that thunderstorms may reasonably be expected along the route to be flown, unless the aircraft is equipped with thunderstorm detection equipment or weather radar equipment.

Resource: CARs 605.33-605.34

Description:

 Subject to subsection (4), no person shall operate an aircraft unless the cockpit voice recorder is operated continuously from the time at which electrical power is first provided to the recorder before the flight to the time at which electrical power is removed from the recorder after the flight.

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply in respect of an aircraft without a serviceable cockpit voice recorder if

(a) a minimum equipment list has been approved by the Minister in respect of the operator of the aircraft under subsection 605.07(3) and the aircraft is operated in accordance with the minimum equipment list;

(b) a minimum equipment list has not been approved by the Minister in respect of the operator of the aircraft and the following conditions are met:

(i) the period during which the aircraft is operated without a serviceable cockpit voice recorder does not exceed 90 days from the day on which the cockpit voice recorder ceased to be serviceable,

(ii) aircraft technical records that indicate the date on which the cockpit voice recorder ceased to be serviceable are carried on board the aircraft,

(iii) the aircraft is required to be equipped with a flight data recorder under section 605.33, and

(iv) the flight data recorder is serviceable;

Where a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) exists, the aircraft can be operated in accordance with the MEL without a serviceable FDR or CVR for up to 90 days after the date of the failure of the FDR or CVR, if the aircraft technical records show the date of the failure, and: If the FDR is unserviceable and a CVR is required, then the aircraft can only be operated if the CVR is serviceable.

Similarly, if the CVR is unserviceable and a FDR is required, then the aircraft can only be operated if the FDR is serviceable.

Resource: AIM 4.4.8

4.4.8 Communications Failure – Visual Flight Rules (VFR) (a) CAR 602.138 specifies that where there is a two-way radio communication failure between the controlling air traffic control unit and a VFR aircraft while operating in Class B, Class C or Class D airspace, the pilot-in-command shall:

(i) leave the airspace

(A) where the airspace is a control zone, by landing at the aerodrome for which the control zone is established, and

(B) in any other case, by the shortest route;

(ii) where the aircraft is equipped with a transponder, set the transponder to Code 7600; and

(iii) inform an air traffic control unit as soon as possible of the actions taken pursuant to (i).

(b) Should the communications failure occur while operating outside of Class B, C, or D airspace precluding the pilot from obtaining the appropriate clearance to enter or establishing radio contact, and if no nearby suitable aerodrome is available, the pilot may enter the Class B, C or D airspace, continue under VFR, and shall carry out the remaining procedures listed in (a). (c) Should the communications failure occur and there is a suitable aerodrome nearby at which the pilot wishes to land, it is recommended that the pilot comply with the established NORDO arrival procedure outlined in RAC 4.4.5

Source: CAR 401.05, TC AIM 1.12 Recency Requirements

Description:

In addition to a valid medical certificate, flight crew must meet the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) requirements for recency in order to exercise the privileges of their permit, licence or rating in accordance with CAR 401.05 and CAR 421.05. The recency requirements address three time periods: five years, two years, and six months. If a pilot wishes to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) or co-pilot of an aircraft, they must meet both the five-year and the two-year recency requirements. If they wish to carry passengers, they must also meet the six-month requirement. For five-year recency, the pilot must have either:

(a) flown as pilot-in-command (PIC) or co-pilot within the previous five years; or

(b) completed a flight review with an instructor and written and passed the Student Pilot Permit or Private Pilot License for Foreign and Military Applicants, Aviation Regulation Examination, commonly known as PSTAR, within the previous 12 months.

For the 24-month recurrent training program, the pilot must have successfully completed a recurrent training program within the previous 24 months, and therefore meet one of the following seven conditions:

(a) complete a flight review with an instructor;

(b) attend a safety seminar conducted by Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA);

(c) participate in a TCCA-approved recurrent training program;

(d) complete a self-paced study program;

(e) complete a training program or pilot proficiency check (PPC) as required by CARs Part IV, VI or VII;

(f) complete the requirements for the issue or renewal of a licence, permit or rating; or

(g) complete the written exam for a licence, permit or rating. Flight crew must also meet specific recency requirements for other aircraft categories, instrument ratings and passenger carrying operations. Refer to CAR 401.05 and CAR 421.05 for more information

Carrying Passengers

(b) where a passenger other than a flight test examiner designated by the Minister is carried on board the aircraft, has completed, within the six months preceding the flight,

(i) in the case of an aircraft other than a glider or a balloon, in the same category and class of aircraft as the aircraft, or in a Level B, C or D simulator of the same category and class as the aircraft, at least

(A) five night or day take-offs and five night or day landings, if the flight is conducted wholly by day, or

(B) five night take-offs and five night landings, if the flight is conducted wholly or partly by night

Source: CAR 401.05, TC AIM 1.12 Recency Requirments

Description:

(1) No person shall operate over water a single-engined aeroplane, or a multi-engined aeroplane that is unable to maintain flight with any engine failed, at more than 100 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 30 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), no person shall operate over water a multi-engined aeroplane that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than 200 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 60 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

(3) A person may operate over water a transport category aircraft that is an aeroplane, at up to 400 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 120 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site without the life rafts referred to in subsection (2) being carried on board.

(4) No person shall operate over water a single-engined helicopter, or a multi-engined helicopter that is unable to maintain flight with any engine failed, at more than 25 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 15 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

(5) No person shall operate over water a multi-engined helicopter that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than 50 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 30 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

Resource: CARS 602.88

Description:

(1) This section does not apply in respect of any glider, balloon or ultra-light aeroplane.

(2) No pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall commence a flight or, during flight, change the destination aerodrome set out in the flight plan or flight itinerary, unless the aircraft carries sufficient fuel to ensure compliance with subsections (3) to (5).

(3) An aircraft operated in VFR flight shall carry an amount of fuel that is sufficient to allow the aircraft

(a) in the case of an aircraft other than a helicopter,

(i) when operated during the day, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 30 minutes at normal cruising speed, or

(ii) when operated at night, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 45 minutes at normal cruising speed; or

(b) in the case of a helicopter, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 20 minutes at normal cruising speed.

(4) An aircraft operated in IFR flight shall carry an amount of fuel that is sufficient to allow the aircraft

(a) in the case of a propeller-driven aeroplane,

(i) where an alternate aerodrome is specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome, to fly to and land at the alternate aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 45 minutes, or

(ii) where an alternate aerodrome is not specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 45 minutes; or

(b) in the case of a turbo-jet-powered aeroplane or a helicopter,

(i) where an alternate aerodrome is specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome, to fly to and land at the alternate aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 30 minutes, or

(ii) where an alternate aerodrome is not specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 30 minutes.

(5) Every aircraft shall carry an amount of fuel that is sufficient to provide for

(a) taxiing and foreseeable delays prior to take-off;

(b) meteorological conditions;

(c) foreseeable air traffic routings and traffic delays;

(d) landing at a suitable aerodrome in the event of loss of cabin pressurization or, in the case of a multi-engined aircraft, failure of any engine, at the most critical point during the flight; and

(e) any other foreseeable conditions that could delay the landing of the aircraft.

Aircraft operator means a person who uses, causes to be used, or authorizes to be used an aircraft, with or without the right of legal control (as owner, lessee, or otherwise), for the purpose of air navigation including the piloting of aircraft, or on any part of the surface of an airport. In specific parts or sections of this subchapter, “aircraft operator” is used to refer to specific types of operators as described in those parts or sections.

Airport operator means a person that operates an airport serving an aircraft operator or a foreign air carrier required to have a security program.

Resource: TC AIM 2.12, CARS 602.124

Description:

An aircraft, when operated in accordance with IFR within designated mountainous regions, but outside of areas for which minimum altitudes for IFR operations have been established (including minimum vectoring altitudes, MOCAs, transition altitudes, 100NM safe altitudes, MSAs and AMAs), shall be flown at an altitude of at least 2000 feet above the highest obstacle within 5NM of the aircraft in flight when in areas 1 and 5, and at least 1500 feet above the highest obstacle within 5NM when in areas 2, 3 and 4. As minimum en-route IFR altitudes have been established for designated airways and air routes, such minimum altitudes shall be applied when flying in accordance with IFR along airways or air routes within designated mountainous regions, except that aircraft should be operated at an altitude which is at least 1000 feet higher than the minimum en-route IFR altitude, when there are large variations in temperature and/or pressure.

Resource: CARS 605.27

Description:

Use of Crew Member Safety Belts

605.27 (1) Subject to subsection (2), the crew members on an aircraft shall be seated at their stations with their safety belts, including any shoulder harness, fastened

(a) during take-off and landing;

(b) at any time that the pilot-in-command directs; and

(c) in the case of crew members who are flight attendants, at any time that the in-charge flight attendant so directs pursuant to paragraph 605.25(4)(b).

(2) Where the pilot-in-command directs that safety belts be fastened by illuminating the safety belt sign, a crew member is not required to comply with paragraph (1)(b)

(a) during movement of the aircraft on the surface or during flight, if the crew member is performing duties relating to the safety of the aircraft or of the passengers on board;

(b) where the aircraft is experiencing light turbulence, if the crew member is a flight attendant and is performing duties relating to the passengers on board; or

(c) if the crew member is occupying a crew rest facility during cruise flight and the restraint system for that facility is properly adjusted and securely fastened.

(3) The pilot-in-command shall ensure that at least one pilot is seated at the flight controls with safety belt, including any shoulder harness, fastened during flight time.

VFR Flight in Class C Airspace

601.08 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person operating a VFR aircraft shall enter Class C airspace unless the person receives a clearance to enter from the appropriate air traffic control unit before entering the airspace.

(2) The pilot-in-command of a VFR aircraft that is not equipped with radiocommunication equipment capable of two-way communication with the appropriate air traffic control unit may, during daylight in VMC, enter Class C airspace if the pilot-in-command receives authorization to enter from the appropriate air traffic control unit before entering the airspace.

(3) Class C airspace becomes Class E airspace when the appropriate air traffic control unit is not in operation.

AIM RAC 2.8.3

Resource: CARS 720.16

Description: 720

(5) Where the flight is conducted under Subpart 2 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations in aerial application operations, the maximum flight duty time may be extended for a split flight duty assignment provided that:

(a) the total flight duty time shall not exceed 14 hours in 24 consecutive hours;

(b) rest periods that allow a total of at least 9 hours opportunity to sleep in 24 consecutive hours shall be taken in suitable accommodation;

(c) one of these rest periods shall allow at least 5 consecutive hours opportunity to sleep between 20:00 and 06:00 local time; and

(d) the flight crew member shall receive at least 5 periods of 24 consecutive hours free from duty within each 30 consecutive days.

Resource: CARS 602.88

Description:

(1) This section does not apply in respect of any glider, balloon or ultra-light aeroplane.

(2) No pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall commence a flight or, during flight, change the destination aerodrome set out in the flight plan or flight itinerary, unless the aircraft carries sufficient fuel to ensure compliance with subsections (3) to (5).

(3) An aircraft operated in VFR flight shall carry an amount of fuel that is sufficient to allow the aircraft

(a) in the case of an aircraft other than a helicopter,

(i) when operated during the day, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 30 minutes at normal cruising speed, or

(ii) when operated at night, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 45 minutes at normal cruising speed; or

(b) in the case of a helicopter, to fly to the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 20 minutes at normal cruising speed.

(4) An aircraft operated in IFR flight shall carry an amount of fuel that is sufficient to allow the aircraft

(a) in the case of a propeller-driven aeroplane,

(i) where an alternate aerodrome is specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome, to fly to and land at the alternate aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 45 minutes, or

(ii) where an alternate aerodrome is not specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 45 minutes; or

(b) in the case of a turbo-jet-powered aeroplane or a helicopter,

(i) where an alternate aerodrome is specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome, to fly to and land at the alternate aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 30 minutes, or

(ii) where an alternate aerodrome is not specified in the flight plan or flight itinerary, to fly to and execute an approach and a missed approach at the destination aerodrome and then to fly for a period of 30 minutes.

(5) Every aircraft shall carry an amount of fuel that is sufficient to provide for

(a) taxiing and foreseeable delays prior to take-off;

(b) meteorological conditions;

(c) foreseeable air traffic routings and traffic delays;

(d) landing at a suitable aerodrome in the event of loss of cabin pressurization or, in the case of a multi-engined aircraft, failure of any engine, at the most critical point during the flight; and

(e) any other foreseeable conditions that could delay the landing of the aircraft.

CAR 605.32

The pilot at the flight controls of an aircraft shall use an oxygen mask if

(a) the aircraft is not equipped with quick-donning oxygen masks and is operated at or above flight level 250; or

(b) the aircraft is equipped with quick-donning oxygen masks and is operated above flight level 410.

Resource: CARS 602.93

Description:

Every person who makes an entry in a technical record shall

(a) make the entry accurately, legibly and in a permanent manner;

(b) enter the person’s name and signature or employee identifier or, where the record is kept as electronic data, enter the person’s user code or an equivalent security designation; and

(c) date the entry.

(2) Where the owner of an aircraft keeps the technical records for the aircraft as electronic data, the owner shall ensure that the electronic data system that is used complies with section 103.04 and the Aircraft Equipment and Maintenance Standards.

(3) The owner of an aircraft shall ensure that all of the necessary measures are taken to protect the technical records for the aircraft from damage and loss.

(4) Every person who brings into use a new volume of an existing technical record shall make the entries relating to the preceding volume that are necessary to ensure that an unbroken chronological record is maintained

Resource: CARS 602.37, TC AIM

Description:

602.37 Except where otherwise authorized by an air traffic control unit, each flight crew member who occupies a flight crew member position that is equipped with an altimeter shall

• (a) when flying from the altimeter-setting region into the standard pressure region, set the altimeter to 29.92 inches of mercury or 1,013.2 millibars immediately after the aircraft’s entry into the standard pressure region; and
• (b) when flying from the standard pressure region into the altimeter-setting region, set the altimeter to the altimeter setting of the nearest station along the route of flight or, where the nearest stations along the route of flight are separated by more than 150 nautical miles, the altimeter setting of a station near the route of flight immediately before the aircraft’s entry into the altimeter-setting region.

Resource: CARS 602.76, TC AIM 3.6.2 Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary

Description:

CAR 602.76(1) and (2) specify that a pilot shall notify as soon as practicable an air traffic control unit, a flight service station, a community aerodrome radio station or a responsible person, as the case may be, of any change to:

(a) the cruising altitude or cruising flight level; (b) the route of flight;

(c) the destination aerodrome;

(d) when in controlled airspace:

      (i) the true airspeed at the cruising altitude or cruising level where the change intended is 5% or more of the TAS specified in the IFR flight plan; or

      (ii) the Mach number, where the change intended is 0.01 or more of the Mach number that has been included in the ATC clearance. Where the flight is being conducted in controlled airspace, the pilot shall receive ATC clearance before making the intended change

Resource: Oxygen Requirements – TC AIM RAC 12, Use of Oxygen 605.32; CARs 602.34 Cruising Altitudes, AIM 2.3.1 Cruising Altitudes and Flight Levels

Description:

Question has two parts, initially we have to clarify maximum altitude we can fly without use of oxygen, and then find right answer using VFR Cruising altitudes.

605.32 (1) Where an aircraft is operated at cabin-pressure-altitudes above 10,000 feet ASL but not exceeding 13,000 feet ASL, each crew member shall wear an oxygen mask and use supplemental oxygen for any part of the flight at those altitudes that is more than 30 minutes in duration.

(2) Where an aircraft is operated at cabin-pressure-altitudes above 13,000 feet ASL, each person on board the aircraft shall wear an oxygen mask and use supplemental oxygen for the duration of the flight at those altitudes.

(3) The pilot at the flight controls of an aircraft shall use an oxygen mask if

(a) the aircraft is not equipped with quick-donning oxygen masks and is operated at or above flight level 250; or

(b) the aircraft is equipped with quick-donning oxygen masks and is operated above flight level 410.

Resource: CARS 705.106 ,

Description:

(1)Subject to subsection (3), no air operator shall permit a person to act and no person shall act as the pilot-in-command, second-in-command or cruise relief pilot of an aircraft unless the person

(a) holds the licence, ratings and endorsements required by Part IV;

(b) within the previous 90 days,

has completed at least three take-offs and three landings as the pilot at the controls and one sector assigned to duty as a flight crew member in an aircraft of that type,

has completed five sectors assigned to duty as a flight crew member in an aircraft of that type, or

has fulfilled the training requirements set out in the Commercial Air Service Standards;

(c) has successfully completed a pilot proficiency check, the validity period of which has not expired, for that type of aircraft, in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards;

(d) has successfully completed or is undergoing a line check or line indoctrination training, the validity period of which has not expired, for that type of aircraft, in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards; and

(e) has fulfilled the requirements of the air operator’s training program.

(2) A pilot who does not meet the requirements of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) or (ii) shall regain competency in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

(3) An air operator may permit a person to act and a person may act as the pilot-in-command or second-in-command of an aircraft where the person does not meet the requirements of subsection (1), if

(a) the aircraft is operated on a training, ferry or positioning flight; or

(b) the air operator

is authorized to do so in its air operator certificate, and

complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

(4) A pilot shall, on successful completion of a pilot proficiency check, meet the requirements of the consolidation period in accordance with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

Resource: CARS 602.63

Description:

(1) No person shall operate over water a single-engined aeroplane, or a multi-engined aeroplane that is UNABLE  to maintain flight with any engine failed, at more than 100 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 30 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), no person shall operate over water a multi-engined aeroplane that is ABLE to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than 200 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 60 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

(3) A person may operate over water a transport category aircraft that is an aeroplane, at up to 400 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 120 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site without the life rafts referred to in subsection (2) being carried on board.

Source: CARs 602.32

Description:

602.32

(1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate an aircraft below 10,000 feet ASL at an indicated airspeed of more than 250 knots.

(2) No person shall operate an aircraft below 3,000 feet AGL within 10 nautical miles of a controlled airport at an indicated airspeed of more than 200 knots unless authorized to do so in an air traffic control clearance.

(3) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2), a person may operate an aircraft at an indicated airspeed greater than the airspeeds referred to in subsections (1) and (2) where the aircraft is being operated on departure or in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — special aviation event issued pursuant to section 603.02.

(4) Where the minimum safe speed for the flight configuration of an aircraft is greater than the speed referred to in subsection (1) or (2), the aircraft shall be operated at the minimum safe speed.

AIM AIR 3.9 ALCOHOL

Never fly while under the influence of alcohol. It is best to allow at least 24 hours between the last drink and take-off time. Alcohol is selectively concentrated by the body into certain areas and can remain in the fluid of the inner ear even after all traces of alcohol in the blood have disappeared. This accounts for the difficulty in balance that is experienced in a hangover. Even small amounts of alcohol (0.05 percent) have been shown in simulators to reduce piloting skills. The body metabolizes alcohol at a fixed rate and no amount of coffee, medication or oxygen will alter this rate. ALCOHOL AND FLYING DO NOT MIX.

If you find that you are drinking excessively or encountering problems related to alcohol, you must refrain from flying and seek assistance. Transport Canada has a policy and pathway to return to flying with the appropriate treatment and monitoring. Early intervention and active engagement are best for long-term success.

Alcohol or Drugs — Crew Members

602.03 No person shall act as a crew member of an aircraft

(a) within 12 hours after consuming an alcoholic beverage;

(b) while under the influence of alcohol; or

(c) while using any drug that impairs the person’s faculties to the extent that the safety of the aircraft or of persons on board the aircraft is endangered in any way.

Source: CAR 720.16

Description:

Where the flight is conducted under Subpart 2 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations in aerial application operations, the maximum flight duty time may be extended for a split flight duty assignment provided that:

(a) the total flight duty time shall not exceed 14 hours in 24 consecutive hours;

(b) rest periods that allow a total of at least 9 hours opportunity to sleep in 24 consecutive hours shall be taken in suitable accommodation;

(c) one of these rest periods shall allow at least 5 consecutive hours opportunity to sleep between 20:00 and 06:00 local time; and

(d) the flight crew member shall receive at least 5 periods of 24 consecutive hours free from duty within each 30 consecutive days.